Hyperpigmentation is a general term used to describe any darkened area of the skin caused by an increased production of the skin pigment, melanin. Hyperpigmentation can affect nearly all skin types, all ages, men and women. Typically, those with darker skin tones are more prone to hyperpigmentation issues as ethnic skin tones normally have more melanin. Often hyperpigmentation is only a cosmetic issue, but it can also be the result of an underlying medical condition which could require professional care.

Inside our skin are cells called melanocytes which produce the pigment melanin. Melanin is what gives our skin its color and more importantly protects our skin from the sun's UV radiation. When the skin is exposed to the sun, its natural defense is to create more melanin, causing an overall darkening or tanning. While tanning is considered natural and often associated with beauty, the side effect of excessive tanning is often not as pretty. When the skin becomes damaged, either by too much sun, an external injury or by some internal cause, it can respond by creating excessive pigment and forming a pronounced dark spot or discoloration. These discolorations are referred to as hyperpigmentation and can come in the form of a dark age spot, scars, or brown/red patches on the skin. Hyperpigmentation can also be caused by many different medical illnesses such as Addisons and Cushings disease, Melasma, Linea Nigra, Tinea, Celiac Disease and more. For this reason, it is important that a doctor fully diagnose the individual before he/she attempts to treat just the cosmetic symptoms.

Hyperpigmentation can often be successfully treated with the use of skin lightening creams. Many of these creams contain an ingredient called hydroquinone which is a chemical skin lightener that can be used in various concentrations ranging from 2%-10%. Over the counter hydroquinone creams are available in a maximum of 2% concentration. For concentrations higher than 2%, a prescription is required. Many of these prescription strength products also combine the hydroquinone with Tretinoin, which helps to significantly increase cell turnover. Some individuals prefer not to use hydroquinone and instead opt for more natural skin lighteners that use proven ingredients like Kojic Acid or Arbutin. Check our annual Skin Care Roundup for a review of these kinds of natural skin lightening products. In some cases, laser treatment may be also be effective.

The sun is the worst enemy of hyperpigmentation. Without proper sun protection, it is nearly impossible to expect successful treatment. Sunscreens and protective clothing go a long way in the treatment and prevention of most types of hyperpigmentation.